Twelve-Year Study's Results: Sexual Identity More Fluid than Previously Thought

Why It Matters

Societal attitudes play a crucial role in whether people feel safe being open about their sexual identity. While increased visibility of LGBTQ+ people in media and public life has led to a more accepting environment, polarisation in social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people continues. At the same time, many view sexual identity as fixed.

These negative attitudes and fixed views reinforce sexual stigma and prejudice, leaving people afraid to express themselves and fearful of judgement or discrimination. By raising awareness about the natural fluidity of sexual identity, we can help break down these barriers and create a more inclusive society where people feel safe to express who they are as their identities evolve.

Schools and community programmes can include discussions about the fluidity of sexual identity to promote understanding and acceptance. Understanding that sexual identity can change over time, particularly among younger people, can help reduce stigma and cultivate a more supportive learning environment.

People experiencing changes in their sexual identities may face health challenges, such as emotional distress, depressive symptoms, or difficulties with tobacco or alcohol use. Our research indicates that bisexual and homosexual people are most likely to experience such changes.

It would help if healthcare workers, particularly those supporting the LGBTQ+ community, are aware of this. Knowing about these challenges could help them adapt their care to better support those with evolving identities.

Recognising that sexual identity can change is also relevant for shaping inclusive laws and regulations. People who transition from one sexual identity to another may face doubt, judgement or even victimisation.

Protections could then be expanded to include not only a person's current sexual identity but also changes in their identity, which may better help combat discrimination. In addition, promoting mental health services tailored to those navigating changes ensures that support is accessible to those who need it.

By fostering inclusive attitudes, policies, and support systems, people can feel safe and supported to explore and define their sexual identities authentically. As society continues to evolve in its understanding of sexuality, acknowledging the fluid nature of sexual identity can help increase acceptance of diversity and empower people to live openly and confidently as their true selves.

Willi Zhang, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet

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